中国是瓷器的故乡，瓷器是中国劳动人民的一个重要的创造。瓷器的发明是中华民族对世界文明的伟大贡献，在英文中“瓷器（china）”与中国（China）同为一词，足以证明瓷器在世界上所占重要性！其中，釉里红作为陶瓷装饰历史上重要发明之一，釉里红瓷器创烧于元代。元代釉里红堆贴龙纹盘它为釉下铜红彩绘、拔白、打板、堆帖而成，烧成难度大，氛围特殊性强，应该说元釉里红瓷器是陶瓷史上的一次伟大创新。流传至今的元代釉里红瓷器也很少，可见它的历史性、艺术性、珍贵性。元釉里红有“瓷中艳后”之称。

China is the home of porcelain, which is an important creation of the working people of China. The invention of porcelain is a great contribution of the Chinese nation to the world civilization.In English, "China" and "China" are the same word, which proves the importance of porcelain in the world. Among them, as one of the most important inventions in the history of ceramic decoration, glazed red porcelain was first fired in the Yuan Dynasty. The red pile in glaze of Yuan Dynasty was pasted with dragon pattern plate.

It was made of copper red under glaze, drawing white, beating board and stacking. It was difficult to firing and had a special atmosphere. It should be said that the red pile in glaze of Yuan Dynasty was a great innovation in the history of ceramics. There are few glazed red porcelains in Yuan Dynasty, which shows its historicity, artistry and preciousness. Yuan glaze red is known as "Bright Queen in Porcelain".

此件元代釉里红龙纹大罐，高30厘米。短颈丰肩，鼓腹渐收底，广底矮圈足沾釉，见旋纹，底足中间有支钉痕。通体施白釉，釉色白中闪红。肩部和近底部饰大朵如意云纹，绘红花花卉。瓶身纹饰布局繁密，主题纹饰为釉里红龙纹，采用留白手法装饰这条矫健有力的游龙在波涛汹涌的海水中飞舞翻腾，这条红龙以刻、绘结合的技法塑造，看上去凹凸有致，富有立体感。

This large red Dragon-pattern jar in the glaze of Yuan Dynasty is 30 centimeters high. Short neck andabundant shoulders, drum belly gradually receding bottom, wide bottom and low circle foot stained with glaze, see spiral lines, there are nail marks in the middle of sole foot. White glaze is applied to the whole body, and the glaze color is white and red. The shoulders and near the bottom are decorated with large moires and painted with red flowers.

The bottle body decoration layout is dense, the theme decoration is the red dragon pattern in glaze. The vigorous dragon is decorated with the white-keeping technique, which flies and flies in the turbulent sea. The red dragon is shaped by the combination of engraving and painting. It looks concave and convex and full of three-dimensional sense.

龙为多角，头小，颈部细长，双目圆睁，张口吐舌，异常凶猛生动，是典型的元代龙纹的特征。整件器物造型硕大丰满，纹饰繁密，层次丰富，一改唐宋以来瓷器纹饰布局疏简的传统，且形象对比鲜明，白地红花相映成趣，极富艺术感染力。这件釉里红瓶形制规整，充分展示出元代制瓷工匠高超的成型技艺。

The dragon is multi-angled, small head, slender neck, wide eyes, open mouth and tongue, unusually fierce and vivid, is a typical feature of the dragon pattern of the Yuan Dynasty. The shape of the whole ware is huge and full, the decoration is dense and the level is rich. It changes the tradition of simplified decoration layout of the porcelain since Tang and Song Dynasties. The image contrast is distinct. The white ground safflower is interesting and full of artistic appeal. The red bottle in the glaze is regular in shape, fully demonstrating the superb forming skills of the Yuan Dynasty pottery craftsmen.

釉里红的工艺方法和青花完全相同，都是在胎上绘画后罩透明釉在高温下一次烧成，区别在于青花用钴料为呈色剂，而釉里红用铜料为呈色剂。

The process of glaze red is exactly the same as that of blue and white. The transparent glaze of the back cover is painted on the tire and fired next time at high temperature. The difference is that the cobalt material is used as the colouring agent for blue and white, and the copper material for glaze red is used as the colouring agent.

目前发现的元代釉里红，大体可以归出这些特征：胎骨一般比同期青花粗，前期龙纹白胎为多，元末有白胎。釉层早期的淡青白色或灰白色属影青釉，透明度高，有玻璃质感。元末见卵白釉浅红油状青白釉，不见同期大型青花瓷上的透明白釉。呈色不稳、浅红、红和深红的夹杂灰色，有不同程度的晕散。大多见于铜红料边缘。此器能有如此效果，可谓凤毛麟角。

At present, the red glaze in the Yuan Dynasty can be roughly attributed to these characteristics: the fetal bone is generally thicker than the blue and white ones in the same period, and there are more white fetuses with dragon pattern in the early period and white fetuses at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. The light blue-white or grayish-white glaze in the early stage of the glaze is a kind of shadow-blue glaze with high transparency and glass texture.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the egg white glaze was light red and oily blue-white glaze, but the transparent white glaze on the large blue-and-white porcelain of the same period was not seen. The color is unstable, light red, red and dark red with gray, and has varying degrees of dizziness. Most of them are found at the edge of copper red. It is rare that this instrument can achieve such effect.

釉里红釉下彩瓷所用的胎和釉的成分与同时期的青花釉下彩瓷相同，但釉里红彩用的着色彩料是用“铜花”制成。“铜花”是以金属铜加热加氧化，将被氧化的氧化铜表面层取下，研磨加工成细粉颜料，便于彩绘使用。在烧造过程中由于铜在釉中溶解、扩散易于挥发，对温度和气氛都较敏感，要在非常合适的温度和较重的还原气氛下方能形成纯正的鲜红色，需要有固定的窑位进行专门的烧成方能得到最佳产品。此种制作难度比制作青花瓷的难度要大得多，烧出的釉里红的色彩多过于浅淡或色带灰，真正成鲜红色的偏少，而青花制作色彩掌握要比釉里红容易，在制作时更方便采用复杂绘画工艺，器物更能体现色泽的美丽，这也可能是当今拍卖市场元釉里红釉下彩瓷要比元青花瓷要少得多的原因之一。

The embryo and glaze composition of the red underglaze enamel are the same as that of the blue and white underglaze enamel of the same period, but the coloring material of the red underglaze is made of "copper flower". "Copper flower" is heated and oxidized by copper, the surface layer of oxidized copper oxide is removed, grinded and processed into fine powder pigments for easy use in color painting. In the firing process, because copper dissolves and diffuses easily in glaze, it is sensitive to temperature and atmosphere. In order to form pure bright red under very suitable temperature and heavy reduction atmosphere, it is necessary to have a fixed kiln for special firing to obtain the best product. This kind of production is much more difficult than making blue-and-white porcelain.

The red color in the glaze burned out is too light or gray, and the true bright red is less. It is easier to master the color of blue-and-white production than that in the glaze red. It is more convenient to use complex painting technology in the production, and the utensils can better reflect the beauty of the color. This may also be the case. One of the reasons why there are far fewer colored porcelains under the red glaze than blue and white porcelains under the Yuan glaze in the auction market nowadays.

目前藏品持有人欲将此珍品结缘于有缘之士，参加2019年英国高端精品拍卖会，有兴趣可预约贵宾名额，一览珍品风采！

At present, the holders of collections want to tie this treasure to those who have a good fortune to participate in the 2019 British high-end boutique auction. They are interested in appointing VIPs to have a glimpse of the boutique style!