中国是酒文化的发祥地,谷类酿成酒,始于殷。而用来盛酒的青铜器皿也盛行此时。殷商时代的青铜酒器形制丰富多样、造型独具匠心、美轮美奂。各式各样青铜酒器，不免让后人惊叹于古人想象丰富的艺术魅力。而酒文化与青铜文化交融悠悠绵长,更为中华民族文化留下了深厚的积淀。

China is the birthplace of wine culture, and the production of wine from cereals began in Yin Dynasty. Bronze utensils for wine were also popular at this time. The bronze wine wares of Yin and Shang Dynasty are rich in shape, ingenious in shape and beautiful in appearance. All kinds of bronze wine vessels can not help but amaze future generations with the rich artistic charm of the ancients'imagination. The blending of wine culture and bronze culture is long and lasting, leaving a deep accumulation of Chinese national culture.

世界上最早的冶炼金属（姜寨黄铜片、黄铜圆环）出土于中国，中国目前世界上已知的进行黄铜冶炼最早的国家。古代的青铜文化十分发达，并以其制作精良，气魄雄伟、技术高超而著称于世。贵族把青铜器作为宴享和放在宗庙里祭祀祖先的礼器。青铜器不是一般人可以拥有的，它作为一种权力和地位的象征、一种记事耀功的礼器而流传于世。青铜文化在世界各地区都有发展，这是因为青铜作为工具和器皿的原料有其优越性：首先，自然界存在着天然的纯铜块（即红铜 ），因此铜也是人类最早认识的金属之一。

The earliest metallurgical metals in the world (Jiangzhai brass sheet, brass ring) were unearthed in China, which is the earliest known brass smelting country in the world. Ancient bronze culture is very developed, and it is famous for its excellent production, grandeur and superb technology. The nobles used bronze as a ritual for feasting and sacrificing their ancestors in the ancestral temples. Bronze ware is not something that ordinary people can possess. It is a symbol of power and status, and a ritual for remembering meritorious deeds. Bronze culture has developed in all parts of the world, because bronze as a tool and utensil raw material has its advantages: first, there are natural pure copper blocks (that is, red copper), so copper is one of the earliest known metals.

斝是古代中国先民用于温酒的酒器，也被用作礼器，通常用青铜铸造，三足，一鋬（耳），两柱，圆口呈喇叭形。商汤王打败夏桀之后，定为御用的酒杯，诸侯则用角。

Dendrobium is a wine warmer used by ancient Chinese ancestors for warming wine. It is also used as ritual wares. It is usually cast in bronze, with three feet, one ear, two columns and a trumpet-shaped round mouth. After the King of Shang and Tang defeated Xia Jie, he designated it as the Royal cup, while the princes used horns.

斝（音jia三声与假同音），中国古代先民盛酒器和礼器，由新石器时代陶斝发展而成。盛行于商晚期至西周中期，用于盛酒或温酒。

Dendrobium (three tones of Jia and false homonym) was developed from pottery Dendrobium in Neolithic Age by ancient Chinese people who used wine and ritual utensils. It prevailed in the late Shang Dynasty to the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty and was used for liquor filling or warming.

基本造型为侈口，口沿有柱，宽身，下有长足。斝的形制较多，器身有圆形、方形两种，有的有盖，有的无盖；口沿上有一柱或二柱，柱有蘑菇形、鸟形等不同形式；腹有直筒状、鼓腹状及下腹作分档袋状几种；有的是扁平素面，有的用兽头装饰；底有平底、圆底；足有三足、四足、锥状空足、锥状实足、柱形足等。一般来说，商早期斝多为平底、空锥形足或较瘦的袋状足，胎体轻薄，纹饰简单，一般只有一层花纹。商中期至西周早期，斝多为圆底或肥圆的 袋状腹，柱形足，器体厚重，花纹繁缛， 常用蕉叶纹、饕餮纹、云雷纹等纹样装饰，有的以云雷纹做地，其上饰有多层花纹。斝作为礼器，常与觚、爵等组合成套使用。

The basic shape is luxury mouth, with pillars along the mouth, wide body and long feet below. Dendrobium has many shapes, such as round and square body, some with or without a cover, one or two pillars along the mouth, mushroom-shaped pillars, bird-shaped pillars and other different forms; the abdomen has straight tubular, drum-shaped and lower abdomen as a sort of bag; some are flat plain surface, some are decorated with animal heads; the bottom has flat bottom and round bottom; the foot has three kinds. Foot, quadruped, conical empty foot, conical solid foot, columnar foot, etc. Generally speaking, in the early Shang Dynasty, Dendrobium was mostly flat-bottomed, empty-cone-shaped or thin bag-shaped feet, with a light and thin body and simple decoration, usually with only one layer of pattern. From the mid-Shang Dynasty to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, Dendrobium mostly had round bottom or round bag-shaped belly, cylindrical foot, heavy body and complicated patterns. Banana leaf pattern, steamed bread pattern, moire pattern and other patterns were commonly used for decoration. Some of them were ground made of moire pattern, with multiple layers of patterns on them. Dendrobium, as a ritual vessel, is often used in combination with other ceremonial vessels, such as yarn, jue, etc.

斝是中国古代先民用于温酒的小型容酒器，行裸礼时所用，或兼作温酒器。源于同形陶器。《诗经·大雅·行苇》曰：“或献或酢，洗爵奠斝”。斝初见于夏代晚期，盛行于商，斝的侈口较同类的爵要宽。口沿有柱，一侧置鋬，长足，有盖和无盖的形制并存。通常有青铜铸造，三足，一鋬（耳），两柱，圆口呈喇叭形，形状似爵而大，然无流无尾，仅在口缘上有两柱。腹有圆形而平底的，有腹部分裆，袋足似鬲的，也有少数体方而四角圆，四足，带盖的。 盛行于商代和西周时期。

Dendrobium is a small wine container used by ancient Chinese ancestors for warming wine. It is used for nude rites or as a warming wine container at the same time. Originated from homotopy pottery. "The Book of Songs, Daya, Xingwei" said: "or dedicate or make an oar, wash the noble and lay down the dendrobium". Dendrobium was first seen in the late Xia Dynasty and prevailed in the Shang Dynasty. Its luxury was wider than that of its peers. There are pillars along the mouth, poles on one side, long feet, capped and uncovered forms coexist. Usually there are bronze casting, three legs, one ear, two pillars, the mouth is trumpet-shaped, shaped like a large, but no flow without tail, only on the edge of the mouth there are two pillars. The abdomen is round and flat-bottomed, with abdominal crotch, pockets like jaws, but also a few square and quadrangular, quadruped, covered. It prevailed in Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty.

此件器物具有商早期的明显特征：立柱为不甚发达的菌形立柱，而商代中晚期的斝，其立柱则日见发达和突出。立柱顶端所饰火纹（旧称涡纹）是太阳的标志，其形状为圆形，中间略突起，周边有旋转的弧线环绕。早期的火纹主要出现在铜斝上，二里头文化时期的斝已饰有火纹，到了商代早期，火纹普遍出现在斝的立柱和腹部，而商代晚期，火纹逐渐从斝转移至鼎、簋之类器物上。

This article has obvious characteristics in the early Shang Dynasty: the pillars are underdeveloped fungus-shaped pillars, while the pillars of Dendrobium in the middle and late Shang Dynasty are increasingly developed and prominent. The flame pattern on the top of the column (formerly known as the scroll pattern) is a symbol of the sun. It is round in shape, slightly protruding in the middle and surrounded by a rotating arc. In the early period of the Shang Dynasty, the fire pattern appeared on the pillars and abdomen of the Dendrobium. In the late Shang Dynasty, the fire pattern gradually shifted from the Dendrobium to the tripod and the bark.

关于斝的用途，有种说法认为它是温酒用具，但在礼制方面，据《礼记》、《左传》等书所载，斝主要是用来行祼礼的酒器。斝为酒器，当然也能作为茶具。如《红楼梦》第四十一回宝钗的茶杯上镌着‘〈分瓜〉瓟斝（bān pao jiǎ）’三个隶字。

About the use of Dendrobium, there is a saying that it is a warming wine utensil, but in terms of etiquette, according to the Book of Rites, Zuozhuan and other books, Dendrobium is mainly used for ritual wine vessels. Dendrobium is a wine vessel, of course, it can also be used as a tea set. For example, in the forty-first chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, Baochai's tea cup bears the following three inions: "dividing melons" and "dendrobium Dendrobium (b n Pao ji)".

明清以后，因已发明了蒸溜酒，酒精度数提高，酒具也相应地变小了，斝做为酒器，彻底地消失了。

After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, because of the invention of steaming liquor, the alcoholic degree increased, and the wine utensils became smaller accordingly. Dendrobium as a wine utensil completely disappeared.

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At present, the holders of collections want to tie this treasure to those who have good luck to participate in the 2019 American high-end boutique auction. They are interested in appointing VIPs to have a look at the elegance of the treasures.